解决:由于其配置信息(注册表中的)不完整或已损坏,Windows 无法启动这个硬件设备。 (代码 19)

这个是由于硬件设备在注册表的值损坏或错乱引起的

运行 regedit 进入注册表,进入如下键值

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\

这里是硬件设备(比如声卡、网卡、端口、IDE控制器、内存控制器等等)的键值,包括隐藏设备和虚拟设备(比如网络协议等)。
点击每个{……},右侧的Class值是介绍是哪个硬件
比如 光驱:
{4D36E965-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}
键盘:
{4D36E96B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}
声卡:
{4D36E96C-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}
摄像头:
{6BDD1FC6-810F-11D0-BEC7-08002BE2092F}

找到出问题硬件的 Upperfilters 值和 Lowerfilters 值,删除这两个值。
但是有时候找不到这两个值,可以尝试删除{……}里所有键值。
最后重启系统即可。

让Win7任务栏资源管理器默认打开我的电脑而不是库

点击任务栏的资源管理器图标默认打开的是“库”,如果想让它默认打开“我的电脑”,进行如下设置即可。
方法:关闭目前所有的资源管理器窗口,按住Shift键的同时在任务栏的资源管理器图标上右击,选属性。
在目标“%windir%\explorer.exe”的后面加一个英文半角空格和逗号(即:“%windir%\explorer.exe ,”),然后确定就可以了。

Win10 LTSB使用Windows照片查看器打开图片的方法

打开记事本,复制以下代码,另存为”照片查看器.REG“文件,并双击导入

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\.jpg]
@="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Tiff"

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\.jpeg]
@="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Tiff"

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\.gif]
@="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Tiff"

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\.png]
@="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Tiff"

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\.bmp]
@="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Tiff"

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\.tiff]
@="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Tiff"

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\.ico]
@="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Tiff"

导入后,右键点击图片选择打开方式——选择其他应用,选择其中的“Windows照片查看器”,并勾选始终使用该程序打开.jpg文件,就可以了。

WIN7装NVME SSD固态硬盘所需的KB2990941 和 KB3087873 补丁微软下载地址

KB2990941 微软下载页面
https://support.microsoft.com/zh-cn/help/2990941/update-to-add-native-driver-support-in-nvm-express-in-windows-7-and-windows-server-2008-r2

KB3087873 微软下载页面
https://support.microsoft.com/zh-cn/help/3087873/-0x0000007e-stop-error-after-you-install-hotfix-2990941-in-windows-7-s

KB2990941 直接下载地址
32位:
http://hotfixv4.microsoft.com/Windows%207/Windows%20Server2008%20R2%20SP1/sp2/Fix487764/7600/free/477474_intl_i386_zip.exe
64位:
http://hotfixv4.microsoft.com/Windows%207/Windows%20Server2008%20R2%20SP1/sp2/Fix487764/7600/free/477475_intl_x64_zip.exe

KB3087873 直接下载地址
32位:
http://hotfixv4.microsoft.com/Windows%207/Windows%20Server2008%20R2%20SP1/sp2/Fix3366972/7600/free/486574_intl_i386_zip.exe
64位:
http://hotfixv4.microsoft.com/Windows%207/Windows%20Server2008%20R2%20SP1/sp2/Fix3366972/7600/free/486575_intl_x64_zip.exe

下载完是个自解压包,双击会提示你解压到什么地方,如果你安装了WINRAR之类的压缩软件,也可以直接右击解压。

Windows 10各版本详解 包含LTSB和N版

All mentioned editions have the ability to use language packs, enabling multiple user interface languages. This functionality was previously only available in Windows 7 Ultimate or Enterprise.

以下所有版本均可使用语言包,可使用多显示语言。此功能是以前只有在 Windows 7 旗舰或企业版本才有。

Windows 10 Home
Windows 10 Home is designed for use in PCs, tablets, and 2-in-1s. It includes all consumer-directed features and is the equivalent to basic Windows 8, 8.1, Windows 7 Home Basic, and Home Premium.
Windows 10 家庭版适用于个人电脑、 平板电脑和 2-1s。它包括所有消费者导向功能,相当于基本的 Windows8,8.1,Windows 7 家庭普通,和家庭高级版。


Windows 10 Pro
Windows 10 Pro is comparable with Windows 8 Pro, Windows 7 Professional and Ultimate, and Windows Vista Business and Ultimate. It builds on the Home edition and adds features essential for businesses, and functionally equivalent to Windows 8.1 Pro.
Windows 10 Pro 是与 Windows 8 Pro,Windows 7 专业版、旗舰版,和 Windows Vista 商业版和旗舰版相对等的。它基于家庭版,并添加了一些功能,基本功能等同于 Windows 8.1 专业版。


Windows 10 Enterprise
Windows 10 Enterprise provides all the features of Windows 10 Pro, with additional features to assist with IT-based organizations, and is functionally equivalent to Windows 8.1 Enterprise.Windows 10 企业版提供Windows 10专业版的所有功能的之外,还有额外功能,适用于IT组织和企业,基本等同于 Windows 8.1企业版。


Windows 10 Enterprise 2015 LTSB
Windows 10 Enterprise 2015 LTSB (Long Term Servicing Branch) is the same edition as Windows 10 Enterprise but will not receive any feature updates and gives companies more control over the update process.
Windows 10 企业版 2015 LTSB (长期服务版) 功能基本等同 Windows 10 企业但去除了APPX之类(去除Edge浏览器,应用商店),并且将不会收到任何功能更新(系统更新一样是自动的),让企业更好地控制更新过程。


Windows 10 Education
Windows 10 Education provides all Windows 10 Enterprise features, designed for use in schools, colleges, and universities. It will be available with Microsoft's Academic Volume Licensing, in a manner similar to Windows 8.1 Enterprise.
Windows 10 教育提供所有 Windows 10 企业版的特点,适用于学校、 学院和大学。它将使用批量许可授权方式,在类似于 Windows 8.1 企业版的方式。


Windows 10 Mobile
Windows 10 Mobile is designed for smartphones and small tablets. It includes all basic consumer features, including Continuum capability. It is the de facto successor of Widnows Phone 8.1 and Windows RT.
Windows 10 移动版专为智能手机和小平板设计。它包括所有的基本消费特征,包括连续能力。它是 Windows Phone 8.1,Windows RT的继任者.


Windows 10 Mobile Enterprise
Windows 10 Mobile Enterprise provides all the features in Windows 10 Mobile, with additional features to assist with IT-based organizations, in a manner similar to Windows 8.1 Enterprise, but optimized for mobile devices.
Windows 10 移动企业版Windows Mobile 10的所有功能,并且拥有更多功能,适用于 IT 组织和企业,类似于 Windows 8.1企业版,但为移动设备优化


Windows 10 IoT Core
Windows 10 IoT Core is a version of Windows 10 designed specifically for use in small footprint, low-cost devices and IoT scenarios. It is similar in operating environment to Windows Embedded.
Windows 10 物联网核心版专用于物联网方案,适用于占地面积小、 低成本的设备。与Windows 嵌入式环境版相似。


N and KN EditionsAdditional Windows 10 editions specially destined for the EU, Switzerland, and South Korea (though South Korean editions have "KN") have the letter "N" (for Not with Media Player) suffixed to their names (e.g. Windows 10 Enterprise N) and do not have media-related technologies like Windows Media Player or Camera. There are N editions for all Windows 10 versions except Mobile, Mobile Enterprise, and IoT Core. Microsoft was required to create the "N" editions of Windows after the European Commission ruled in 2004 that it needed to provide a copy of Windows without Windows Media Player tied in. The cost of the N Editions are the same as the full versions, as the "Media Feature Pack" can be downloaded without charge from Microsoft.
Due to a ruling for anti-competitive practices by the European Commission in 2004, Microsoft has been forced to maintain special editions for its Windows operating systems. Labeled "N" for Europe and "KN" for Korea, these editions include all the base features of the operating system but without Windows Media Player and related technologies pre-installed. For the Windows 10 editions, this includes Windows Media Player, Music, Video, Voice Recorder and Skype.
总而言之这个版本是欧盟的反垄断的产物,是定制版,欧洲,瑞士和为N版意思是不带Windows Media Player,KN是指的Korea韩国其实和N版差不多,均为阉割媒体包的产物。2004年之后就有了这个版本,往上可以推到Vista N and KN版均类似。

Those editions lack at least the following functionality:

  • Play or create:
    • Audio CDs
    • Digital media files
    • Video DVDs
    • Organize content in a media library
  • Create playlists
  • Convert audio CDs to digital media files
  • View artist and title information of digital media files
  • View album art of music files
  • Transfer music to personal music players
  • Record and play back TV broadcasts after
  • Internet Explorer does not include playback for:
    • Adaptive streaming
    • Digital Rights Management (DRM)


It is possible to add the missing functionality with third-party software or with the Media Feature Pack, Groove Music and Xbox Video from Microsoft.

反正Windows 10 已经没有了DVD播放器,Windows Media Player的话N和KN版是没有的

WIN7系统 内存2.9GB可用 的解决办法

如果你是32位的WIN7,最多识别3.5G内存,这里面还包括集成显卡占用的内存,实际可用内存一般在3G左右。最少认到2.75,一般在2.75-3.5之间,识别的内存大小跟电脑的主板有关。

如果你的内存识别小于2.75G,可在开始菜单中输入“MSCONFIG”,在系统配置程序中选择"引导",再选择"高级选项",把那个处理器数和最大内存前面的勾去掉。

完美解决办法建议安装64位WIN7。

用bat批处理命令删除注册表的项或键值

比方说我要删除注册表
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Taskband
这个地方右侧 Favorites 键值,命令如下
REG delete "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Taskband" /v "Favorites" /f

----------------

在命令提示符下输入引号里 “reg delete /?”回车,可以看到reg delete命令格式。

一个基本的格式参考
reg delete KeyName [/v ValueName | /ve | /va] [/f]

KeyName [\\Machine\]FullKey
Machine 远程机器名 - 忽略当前机器的默认值。
远程机器上只有 HKLM 和 HKU。
FullKey ROOTKEY\SubKey
ROOTKEY [ HKLM | HKCU | HKCR | HKU | HKCC ]
SubKey 所选 ROOTKEY 下的注册表项的全名。
ValueName 所选项下的要删除的值的名称。
省略时,该项下的所有子项和值都会被删除。

/ve 删除空白值名称的值(默认)。

/va 删除该项下的所有值。

/f 不用提示就强行删除。

例如:

REG DELETE HKLM\Software\MyCo\MyApp\Timeout /f
删除注册表项 Timeout 及其所有子项和值 ,不用询问就强行删除

REG DELETE \\ZODIAC\HKLM\Software\MyCo /v MTU
删除 ZODIAC 上 MyCo 下的注册表项 MTU

图文版 http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/67508eb43546989cca1ce4cf.html

----------------

删除注册表中的项
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE"SOFTWARE"Microsoft"Windows"CurrentVersion"Run]
保存为reg文件双击导如即可删除此项
注意前面有个“-”号,代表删除的意思

----------------

删除注册表中的值
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE"SOFTWARE"Microsoft"Windows"CurrentVersion"Run]
"SoundMan"=-
这样可以删除此值,注意此值后面有个“-”号,代表删除的意思

----------------

服务的启动/禁用
类型对应注册表[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE"SYSTEM"CurrentControlSet"Services]
下的各个子项
服务名字下的start键表示启动类型
1是系统
2是自动
3是手动
4是禁用

----------------

强行终止进程
XP Pro下可以选择taskkill命令, 可以在命令行通过 taskkill /? 查看详细帮助
终止记事本: taskkill /IM notepad.exe /F
/F的意思是强制终止
Home 版本下面没有taskkill命令,只有tskill命令,功能会若 
终止记事本: tskill notepad

WIN7卸载控制面板里的Windows Defender

win7卸载windows defender的步骤:
1、点开始——在运行框中输入gpedit.msc,按回车键;
2、依次计算机配置——管理模板——Windows组件——Windows Defender;

3、双击关闭Windows Defender,选中已启用,点确定;

4、双击【通过WSUS和Window Update打开定义更新】,选中已禁用,点确定;
5、双击【通过WSUS和Microsoft恶意软件防护中心打开定义更新】,选中已禁用,点确定;
6、双击【禁用实时监视】,选中已启用,点确定;
7、双击【禁用定期执行操作】,选中已启用,点确定;
8、操作完成后,点开始——在运行框中输入gpupdate /force,按回车键。

禁用完了进PE里删除C:\Program Files\Windows Defender

如果要在控制面板里删除Windows Defender的图标,方法见 http://blog.x6x8.com/?p=732

图文版 http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/6c67b1d68e2cbc2787bb1efb.html